The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on the morning of December 29 in the year 1890. Wounded Knee Creek is located in a mountainous, rugged area in current day South Dakota on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation. The topography of the Pine Ridge Reservation includes badlands, rolling grassland hills, dry land prairie, and areas dotted with pine trees. The Pine Ridge Reservation is approximately the size of Connecticut (2.7 million acres) and 1.7 is apparently is owned by the Lakota Sioux tribes. Today there are about 40,000 residents in the reservation. Traditionally the temperatures can reach over 110 Fahrenheit degrees and in the summer, the temperature can reach the low extremes of -50*F.  December is a winter month, therefore the temperature was low resulting in snowfall. The snow and cold temperatures did nothing, but make fighting more difficult for both the Indians and Soldiers and cause sicknesses amongst both sides. The massacre occurred in the morning time so temperatures were lower than during the day. These harsh conditions contributed greatly to the outcome of the massacre considering the supplies and adaptations of both sides.